Reclamation, one of today’s urban development strategies

Coastal land reclamation is expected to be a popular urban strategy in places that experience urban growth, according to a study that analyzed satellite images from 2000 to 2020 to quantify spatial extent, scale and land use of urban coastal reclamation of 135 cities globally with population exceeding one million.

According to the study, “Mapping 21st century global coastal land reclamation,” 78% of these cities have turned to reclamation to create additional land, resulting in 253,000 hectares of new land, an area equivalent to Luxembourg.

Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea, often used in places with scarcity of land and high population density. 

From Western Europe and West Africa to the Middle East, East Asia and Southeast Asia, cities reclaim lands for port extension, for residential or commercial use, and for industrial purposes with the aim of creating tourist and green spaces. 

Key drivers such as global trade and rapid urbanization are already ubiquitous. So, these cities desire prestigious place-making efforts and enhanced international reputation.

“Coastal land reclamation is a forward-looking approach to urban development,” said Architect Ian Fulgar.

Reclamation allows cities to preserve valuable ecosystems and resources from urban sprawl by expanding spaces without encroaching on existing natural land. More importantly for architects, urban planners and modern city dwellers, it presents an opportunity to have purpose-built urban environments, specifically designed to meet their needs.

“Architects and urban planners can design sustainable and efficient infrastructure with a blank canvas, incorporating the latest technologies and best practices in urban planning. This approach can lead to more resilient and adaptive cities [that are] capable of mitigating the effects of climate change and other environmental challenges,” said Architect Fulgar.

Singapore, Dubai and Hong Kong have some of the world’s most impressive urban reclamation projects, added Fulgar.

“Not only have they transformed their respective landscapes, but also captured global attention,” said Fulgar.

Singapore’s Marina Bay Sands and Gardens by the Bay are testaments to the city-state’s commitment to innovation and sustainability. The former is a luxury integrated resort, famed for transforming Singapore’s coastline and city skyline whereas the latter is a unique horticultural destination that combines art, science and nature. These reclaimed land developments boost the country’s international reputation and real-estate value around the area.

For some parts of the United Arab Emirates, coastal land reclamation has significantly changed its geography. Dubai, which has completely transformed into an ultramodern city, features ambitious projects; now, known as some of the most recognizable developments in the world.

“They have reshaped the coastline and established the city as a leader in innovative development, significantly elevating Dubai’s real-estate value and worldwide interest,” shares Architect Fulgar.

Lastly, Hong Kong’s commitment to preserved art, culture and ongoing sustainable urban development is exemplified by its West Kowloon Cultural District. It is a 40-hectare reclaimed site along Victoria Harbour’s waterfront, designated as the city’s vibrant cultural quarter where the local arts scene can interact, develop and collaborate throughout its sustainability principles.

Fulgar, who firmly believes in creating spaces that foster belonging and unity, highlights that Singapore, Dubai and Hong Kong share common denominators in their successful urban reclamation projects. These are innovative design and planning, focus on sustainability and commitment to cultural and societal development, and the subsequent increase in real-estate value.

“These projects have created iconic and visually striking landscapes by pushing the boundaries of engineering and urban design. Sustainability is often at the forefront, integrating practices and technologies that minimize environmental impact and enhance the quality of life for residents and visitors,” comments Architect Fulgar on these cities’ commitment to sustainability atop function and aesthetics.

Despite recognition of world-class reclamation projects, one of their primary challenges is facing criticism and potential issues over sustainability concerns. Fulgar shares that the solution is through the responsibility of vital stakeholders to adopt a collaborative approach and adaptive strategies in implementing best practices such as prioritizing sustainability and disaster resilience goals in waterfront developments.